in 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句 in Tang dynasty; 朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、表示在某段时1 时间 间 （注意和at在这方面的区别：at指的是短于1天的时间点） in a week; in a month; in the morning 晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。 in this year; in spring; in the 19th?century; in 1980; 在某个地方 国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等…??(自然意义上的地方) in china; in huabei; in Beijing; in the sky 在某个场2 表示所 位置 车、教室、超市等??(注意和at在这方面的区别，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方) in?the train; in the classroom; We are in the classroom; 甲处于乙中… 除实物里面外，注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”，有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。 They are sitting in the shade of a tree; They are studying in the brightlight. 3 表示将来 在…以后 用在一般将来时中，是从“现在时间点往后..” They will come back in 10??days 语言、4 位?、?材料 ??单/ (with偏向“工具”，in偏向“材料”) 关于“材料“，注意和with在这个用法上的区别。?? I wrote a novel in Russian；??The length is measured in??meter, and centimetre；??This board was cast in gold. 状5 态??/ 方面??状态：既可以指人的状态，也可指物的状态；??方面：既可指具体，也可指抽象方面；??服饰：尤以颜色和状态常考 He wasn’t in good health,so talk in low voice.??Our??country in rich in natural resources;??A??good teacher must be an 服饰 example in study??He is in red shoes today in all 总计;in general 一般来说；in time 及时；in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地； in the hope of怀着……希望;in connection with 和……有关;in contact with 和……联系;in addition to 除……以外;in case of 倘若，万一;in conflict with 和……冲突;in force 有效介 初中 阶段 应掌握的 ?In的 常见短语? ? 动词 短语 believe in信任; break in break in??闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in引起；产生；带来; come in进来；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；订阅，上当，受骗； turn in上缴，归还；fill in填充；get in收获；succeed in成功；check in到达登记，cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括；??draw in时间接近； drop in顺路拜访；give??in投降、屈服； go in for? ?参加；爱好，追求；hand in??交上，上缴；pour in源源而来。 词 短 语 的，大批;in depth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾，一想起;in behalf of 代表……利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in one's opinion 在……看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果，万一，以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之；in spite of 尽管;in other words换句话说;in return 作为回报;in the name of 以……名义；be confident in 对……有信心;be interested in 对……感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负债), in a hurry；in stock(有库存)；in??peace(平安) (at peace和平), on 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句 在某天或一天1 表示时间 内的某个时间段 是用on) 晚??（时间前有定语修饰） On??Sunday(Mon.Tue…);on May 12th 1998;on t在星期几、具体的某一天or某日的早、中、night of Oct.29th;on??Wed.morning;on a colnight;on children’day(核心提示：所有的节日There??are a lot of books on the （具体）在……上面 2 表示位置 与物体表面相接触（注意与above\\over的区别） the market(常考) shelf;??On??the face; on the head;on the floor\\football field\\playgroud\\road\\roof\\??On the farm \\o（抽象）在……上面 纸张??（所有有形的，无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on） 收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、On??TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on tphone；??You??are wrong on all these issue在……（边）上 左、右、两边 On??the left; on the right; on both sides;? ?there??is a hotel on the lake On??duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on 3 表示状态 处于…状态 人或者物的目前状态; sale;on business;on schedule; on time;on??tcountry；on scale 关于…文章or论着??（高中阶段掌握） 4 表示关系 The people in the south live??on 靠…… 相当于depend on的含义 On指专门论述（注意和about相区别） I??want a book on South Africa.??He??wrote article on the importance of birth controlrice;??You??can't afford the expensive ring an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot 一…就…??5 特定时间 （高中阶段掌握） 相当于as soon as+主语的含义 dancing； On entering the room, he??found his friendOn??the spot当场；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在广播中；on fire着火；on ti准时；on duty值日；on strike罢工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedu介词短语 按时间表，准时; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on tother hand另一方面； on one’s way to在…路上；on one’s own=by oneself;on top of;aso on等等；on purpose故意，专门??特别注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；初中阶段应掌握??In的常见短语? ? on??horse骑马；on donkey骑驴 Bring on引起，导致；??call on??号召，拜访；decide on 决定;depend on依靠，取决于get on上车；相处；进展; go on继续; get on with进展，相处； look on旁观，观望；lo动词短语 on…as把……看/当作;look down on看不起，轻视；pass on传递，传交；hand on传递下去put on??表演，上演；戴/穿上；假装；take on 呈现，具有；流行；承担，雇用；turn on开（灯，气，水，电器等）；work on??继续工作, 钻研（学问或技术）; carry on继续开展坚持; hold??on 继续；(电话)不挂断；抓牢，坚持;try on试穿。 at 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句 At??noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;breakfast;at supper;at??dinner;at the moment;at t在…时刻\\岁1 表示时间 时 精确 In是时间段，at是时间点，相对更same time;at once;at the beginning of;at the end??of;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;at??sunset; at 7 o’clock…… at（on） the weekend常考 at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;在……位置或场所 家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心 Victory Road … the gate of;at??he bottom of; at??the top of;at t2 表示地点 center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;the??barbar’s;at the airport;at the station; at 4速度 以…速度 The??car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed3 表示度 温度 在…度 centigrade Water??usually boils at 100°; at??10 degrees 价格 按…价格 The??pen was sold at a good price; at low cost Aim??at向..瞄准；shout at向..大喊；throw at向.4 表示方向 朝…，向… 表示动作的方向 扔；smile at向..微笑；rush??at向..冲去;fire at向开火 5 表示原因 段掌握 因进行说明 at his failure 由于（高中阶一般用在系表结构中，对形容词的原I??was surprised at the news;??He??was discourag6 表示能力 擅长于… 固定考点：be good at;be bad at;an??expert at He??is good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词) at??first 首先，开始时；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 无论如何；at ho初中阶段 应掌握?? at的常见短语? ? 介词短语 在家，无拘束；at a loss 不知怎办；at any rate 不管怎样；at length 详细地；be at hitide 处于高潮期；at our invitation 应我们的邀请；at our request 应我们的请求；at tnews 听到这消息；at the risk of 冒……危险；at a great expense 以巨大费用；at intervaof 每隔；at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以……速度；at the cost (price) of 以……为代价；at leisure 着、失业；at stake 在危险中、在成败关头；at bottom 实际上、本质上；at short notice 得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们；at the present stage 在现阶段；at the weekend 周末at all times 永远； call at访问（某地）；come at袭击，攻击; get at意指，本意是；理解；到达; knock??动词短语 敲打（门窗），敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑；glare a怒目而视； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向 about 含义 1 关于、有关 理解核心 典型例句 This??is a book about how to study english I??will be with you in about 2 大约…, 近于… 表示时间或数量 3minutes;??There??are about 30students in theclassroom. 3 到处，在…周围，附近 相当于here and there He??walked about the street. 4 What??about…?(习惯用语) About为介词，所以后接动词ing形式 What??about taking a break? go about着手,四处走走;set about着手，开始;worry about为…担心; come about 发生;care about关心、在意; bri动词短语 about引起，带来,导致;knock about漫游；look??about四处看看，四处环顾；set about doing着手做，开始；turn abo向后转；think about考虑（是否去做）；argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat abo闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speak／talk about谈论;complain about报怨 above 含义 理解核心 典型例句 高于， 1 在…之上 表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等 The??mountain is 2000meters above the sea level（位置）;??I??know you're abome socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)??The??old lady is above eigh（年龄）;??There??are above forty girl students in the class（数量）;??Our??privacar weighs 1.8tons(重量)；??Any??money earned over that level is taxed(度量)2 非…能力所及，超出 能力、行为、品质等 The maths problem is above me;??Honest above everything else;??He is above doisuch things(他不至于做出那样的事情来) 介词短语 must be health Above all首先，最重要的是，最要紧的是；??He was above all a good and??tireless writer; above all, across 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 过 横过、穿表示动作的方向 He??swam across the river;??The??policeman helped the old man walkacross the street. 2 在对面，表示位置上的对应关系，在在那一边 隔着的对面 He??lives across the street;??Japan??lies across the pacific ocean常见短语 Come across偶遇；get across横穿马路；能理解，被听懂；run across偶遇，横跨； against 含义 理解核心 典型例句 I??have hit my head against a wall;?? 1 撞到、紧靠 击的意思 ?The??rain beat against the windows 表示动作的方向，有靠、撞She??stood with her back against the tree;? Are??you for or against the plan??? There??were 20 votes for her and 12 against her;?? He??is swimming against this current.? ?She??did it against her own will 2 反、逆、违背 向;??违背（意愿等） 反对（赞成的反义）??逆方3 以防 （大学阶段掌握此用法） They??saved money against old age. 4 表示陪衬 (高中阶段掌握此用法) The??red flag is fluttering against the blue sky;??His??red clothstook out clearly against the snow. Go against违反、违背、反对；stand against反对，不支持；turn against（转而）反对，背叛；run again常见短语 违反，偶然遇到；fight against与……斗争；? ?over against正对着，在……对面??（fe: he lived ovagainst the school） among 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在..中间 表抽象 在…之中；表具体：三者或者三者以上之中 I??found him among the crowd??Please??divide the cake amoyou four Most??important among the country’s problems is the lack health facilities. 2 ……之一 相当于one of的功能 Einstein??is among the greatest scientists -among 与between的区别：三者与两者之间的区别。但在下列情况，between 可用于三者：(1) 当两个上的人或物用??and 连接时：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间；(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之的关系时：the difference between the??three of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between备注 various??countries 各国之间的关系；(3) 表示“由于…合作的结果”时：Between them they landed tfish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide,??share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示者或三者以上的复数名词时，用 among between 均可：He divided his money among [between] his??fisons. 他把钱分给了5个儿子。 as 含义 理解核心 典型例句 注意和as for的区别? 1 作为，当作 ?(as for为至于，关于) Don’t??treat me as a child;??I??speak now as a friend,not as a teacher.??As??for me, I don’t mind going there by train; 当…时候，2 在…同时 as当“连词”时的用法 3 正如，就像 The??play started as I got there;??As??I was a child,I liked singing vemuch As??you can see,we are still working. 因为，由于 We??have a very wonderful TV, but we??hardly??watch it??as we have so muhousework??to do. 1.? ?? ? As….as 像….一样 （fe: the little girl over there looks as??beautiful as my daughter）;??2.? ?? ? as loas只要(fe: As long as you can keep away??from them, you're safe)??3.? ?? ? as a matter of fact adv. 事实上（fI'm leaving for Beijing??tomorrow, as a matter of fact.）??4.? ?? ? as a whole adv. 总体上(fe: We must consid注 these matters??as a whole)??5.? ?? ? as far as adv. 远到， 直到， 至于(??6.? ?? ? As if 好象……似的 仿佛……样??7.? ?? ? as well as adv. 也，又??8.? ?? ? as well 也 （fe: Water is colourless, air as??well）??9.? ?? ? nso much...as... 与其说...不如说是...(fe: He is??not so much a writer as a reporter)??10.? ?such as 像， 例如；譬如；诸如（fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such as??bread and milk, are tax-free）??11.? ?look on….as 把….看作…before 含义 理解核心 典型例句 表示时间 在…以前；??1 在…前面；??在…之前 表示顺序 表示位置 before a lot of audience??He??arrived before me. We??have to finish the work before 10 o’clock.??He??made a speech2 以前，以往 （此时Before做副词） She??had never been to Italy before 3 在…以前 （此时before做连词） I??want to think it over before I decide about??it 1.? ?? ? before long 不久；? ?（fe: I hope to see you again before??long）??2.? ?? ? long befo常用短语 很久以前? ?(fe: We've seen that film long before) behind 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 比…晚；迟于… 表示时间 Your??ideas are behind the times;??He??arrived ten minutes behitime. 2 在…后面 表示位置 He??hide himself behind the tree.??There??is someone behind yo3 落后于，低于，不如 表抽象：表示力量、能力等 I??am far behind you in English??John’s??behind the rest of tclass in reading. 4 的后盾 支持；作为…此时相当于support的作用 He??had his mother behind him. 常用短语 1.behind??schedule 不准时??2.behind??the times 过时的??3.behind??the curtain 在幕后??4.far??behind 在后面很远，把…远远的甩在身后??5.left??behind 遗留，留下（被动语句中更常用below 含义 理解核心 典型例句 具体：表示位置??（below含某个水平线Don’t??write your answer below this line;? 1 在…以下 或水平面以下的意思，而under是某个物体以下） ?Fish??were swimming below the surface of the water. 2 低于，在..表示年龄 He??can’t be below fifty. 以下 3 He??is below me in the class;??His??income is below the avera表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数量等 income in the area；??During??the night,temperatures droppbelow zero. beside 含义 理解核心 典型例句 注意和except的区别??（except 用来除..以外（还1 有） 人或想法，是从整体ugly.? ?There??wasn't anything in the box except a few dirty clothes 中除去；而besides只是特别强调而已） 引出陈述中唯一不Besides??English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on.??Besides??cancer,适用的事物、情形、smoking can lead other diseases??She??is a nice girl except a bit 2 另外，再说 （此时当副词） I??don't like that new dictionary, besides, it's too expensive between 含义 理解核心 典型例句 The lunch hour is between 11 and??13pm;??Shanxi province is betwe1 在…之间（两者）??(常和and常用) 2 性质等 personal assistant. 具体：表示时间、位置、数量 henan??and gansu??The temperature is between 25??degree and 30 aweek What’s the differencde between??women and man???They shared th抽象：表示比较、分配、关系、chocolate between??the two of them;??The relations between teacheand??students are excellent??My job is between a secretary and?beyond 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…的那边；??在…以外； 表示具体位置：在某物体的范The airport is 20miles beyond the??town;??What lies beyond t围之外 mountains? This book is beyond me;??He is living beyond his income;??Th2 超出，高于 表示抽象的范围、限度等 beauty of West Lake ia beyond words;??The watch is damaged beyorepair 3 过了，比..晚，迟于 表示时间 He came home beyond the usual??time; but 含义 1 除了..；除了..之外 理解核心 典型例句 She has no choice but to cry. 2 常用短语 而且 make a promise,??but also he kept it（倒装） Not only…but also 不但…He not only studies hard but also??works well；??Not only did by 含义 理解核心 典型例句 表示位置，相当于beside的1 在..旁边，身边 意思??只是by可以用于引申含义 got any money by me. He stood by the window and look??out over the fields;??I haven’2 到…时候（为止，以前） 表示时间(跟时间点) by??next Friday. He is sure to come by 3 0’clock.??The homework need to be reaIn America many workers were paid??by the week;??Don’t??jud3 按…； 以… 表示标准，度量，数量 a man by his clothes/looks;??The cotton crop has increased by??2this year by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共4 被 letter/phone 乘、靠、用、以、通过、表示方法、方式、手段等??车)；??by chance 偶然??by accident 偶然，无意中??The law of （海、陆、空、车、偶、被） relativity was??formulated by Einstein.??I will contact you 5 相差 表示程度??（高级用法，大学He missed the train by five??minutes;??He is taller than his阶段掌握） father by 2??centimeters 1.??call by 顺道访问；??2.??come by 从…旁走过；??3.??go up by 上升到了…??4.??go by(从…动词短语 旁)走过/经过；依照，遵循；顺便走访；??5.??pass by 经过??6.??stand by 支持（某人）；袖手观；??7.? ? By and by 不久以后；??By mistake由于差错导致；??Day by day一天天地??By oneself 独自地；??介词短语 the way顺便问一句??Little by little逐渐地，一点点地；??One by one一个一个地；??Side by si肩并肩；??Hand by hand手拉手??Learn by heart记住