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特殊的时态、语态用法考点小结

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中学英语之友.高中.下旬刊⑨ .' ^ 、 ^ A ^ -t ~特~ 、vvVv ¨ ¨ ¨ ,^^^^ 像囊孝- 点 小 结 湖北 俞江涛 、¨vV¨ ^t^^^^ 辣一 英语学习中。动词的时态与语态是难点与要点之一,是每年高考中的重要考点。动词时态、 语态的基本用法老师和同学们在教和学中都涉猎甚多.笔者在此对特殊的时态、语态用法考点 进行一小结,以期对同学们的英语学习有所帮助。 特殊的时态用法 i.语境中的过去时,往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意,暗示现在已“不再这样”。如: 一~秘一 、(1)——You haven’t said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it7 ——I’m sorry I——anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’S pretty on you. .A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say didn’t say (2)“Mathilde!”“Oh yes.Sorry。I didn’t recognise you.” 2.表示愿望、打算一类的词,如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose,want 等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如: (1)I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) (2)I had meant to help you,but 1 was too busy at that moment. 我本想去帮助你的.但当时确实太忙了 (3)I had thought you would come tomorrow.我原以为你明天才来呢。 ◎ 15 ◎ 3.某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。如: (1)This/h is the first/second…time+that从句,that从句一般用现在完成时;如果把is改 为Was。则that从句用过去完成时。如:  ̄)This is the first time that I have come t0 wuhan. ②It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. was,则since从句中用过去完成时。如: 语莩 毫 (2)It is/has been+一段时间+since从句,since从句中一般用过去时;如果将前面的is改为 ①Itis 10 Yearssince he moved he re- ②It was 8 years since we had had such a wonderful time. ’ 千 m (3)be about to do…when…意为“即将……(这时)突然……”。如: 1 was about to go out when the telephone rang. (4)be(was/were)+doing…when…意为“正在干……(这时)突然……”。如: 1 was reading a book when my son shouted in pain. f5)Hardly had…done…when…=No sooner had…done…than…when和than从句中用一般 过去时,表示“刚刚……就……” 如: , ( ̄)Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 @No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left. 他一到达车站.火车就离开了。 (6)It+be+一段时间+before从句 这个句式分两种情况:如果主句用将来时,则从句用一般现在时表将来,意为多长时间后 Mr Mathieu Acelor Maison Mas.Ebene Trou-Biran,97300 Cayenne,France(French Guiana) ■ ■ ■ ■ 即将发生某事:如果主句用过去时,从句也用过去时,意为多长时间后发生了某事。如: 链接考点 ——①It won’t be long before we meet again.(=We will meet again soon.) ②It was ten years before we met again.(=We met again ten years later.) 二、特殊的被动语态的用法 1.“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构较口语化。如: (1)——How are the team playing? They are playing well,but one of them——B.gets C.are 嚣 一 ■ 一 hurt. got D.were (2)Hundreds of people get killed every year by trafic.f (3)The boy got hurt on his way to schoo1. 2.主动形式表被动意义 (1)表示感官的连系动词,如smell,taste,sound,feel,look,seem等,这类动词只能用主 动形式表达被动的含义。如: ①Mr Li looks quite young.  ̄)His health seems to be better. (2)表示持续状态的动词,如stay,remain等,也不用于被动语态,它们的被动意义也要用 主动的形式来表达 如: (j)Much work remains to be done. ②The window stayed open all the night. (3)prove,turn out作连系动词,表“结果,证明”。如: ①111is meeting pr0ved/turned out to be a success.这次会议证明是一次成功的会议。 ②His w0rk Droved/turned out to be a failure.他的工作证明是失败的。 16 (4)说明商品,产品或工具自身所具有的性能或内在属性的动词,如sell(well/badly);wash ◎ (well/badly);write(well/badly);cut(wellbadl/y) ̄,这类动词不用于被动语态(不表达此意时,则 -◎ 另当别论)。如: (DThe book se11s wel1.这本书卖得很好。  ̄)This knife cuts wel1.这把刀切起来很锋利。 (5)need,want,require以及be W0rth…之后的v—ing不用被动语态,要用主动的形式表达 被动的含义。如: ①This book is well wotrh reading. ②The flower needs watering. (6)动词不定式与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和句子的主语构成主谓关系;在“主语+ be+形容词(如hard,easy,diiculft,good,impossible,important等)+不定式”句型中,当主语是 不定式的逻辑宾语时.不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。如: ①I have an important meeting to attend. ②The math problem is hard to work Out. (7)有些动词不定式的被动意义用主动形式表达是固定用法,如:to blame(应受谴责);to let(出租)等。如: In thjs matter he seems to be in no way to blame.在这件事情上,看来他没有什么责任。 (8)表示“发生;举行;爆发”之意的动词或词组,如:happen,occur,break out,take place 等.这类词或词组也是不及物的,不能用于被动语态,它们要用主动形式表达被动意义。如: (错误)The Anti—Japanese War was broken out in 1937. (正确)The Anti.Japanese War broke out in 1937. _:== ………孝 jIl衙 帚 一 系 不 : 中学英语之友.高中.下旬刊⑨ 样不能用于被动语态,只能以主动形式表达被动意义。如: ①When will the collection of revolutionary songs come out? 这本歌曲集什么时候出版? ⑦ is book belongs to me.这本书归我所有。 3.被动形式表示主动含义的几种情况 (1)be seated坐着如: She is seated on a bench.f=She seats herself on a bench.)她坐在凳子上。 f2)be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(=He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。 (3)be lost迷路 f4)be drunk喝醉 (5)be dressed穿着如: Lilv was dressed in a red short skirt.Lily穿着一件红色的短裙。 (9)不及物动词或词组替代同义的及物动词或词组时,如come out/appear替代be published/ A C 2 A 3 A 5 A C 6 A 7 invented:belong to替代be 0wned/possessed;remain替代to be lefI等,这类替代词或词组同 【巩固练习】 I to help you to do homework but I couldn’t spare any time;Ia composition ——last night and I'll finish it today. wanted;wrote have wanted;wrote B.had wanted;was writing D.wanted;have been writing ——You’ve gone through all your money?Ithink ——you were well—off. D.am thinking B.thought C.have thought Have you known Dr Jackson for a long time? Yes。since she————the Chinese Society. A. has joined B.joins C.had joined D.joined to arrive. —  weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front4. The wetis expected B.is expecting C.expects It long before the Chinese Space Center— D.will be expected  Shenzhou VII Spacecraft.语 will not be;launches will not be;will launch B.is:will launch D.is:launches ———Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge?It will be stayed B.stay —fresh for several days. ◎"◎ C.be staying —D.have stayed 满招损,谦受益。 His idea,though good,needsbeing tried Wh0 iS out. B.to ty rC.tried D.trying for breaking the window? C.blaming t0 be blamed B.to blame .........——D.to have been blamed this bicycleto you? .........——A.Has:been belonged C.Does;belong B.Is;belong D.Is;belonging ——————1 0.With the development of science and technology,more and more plasticA.will be come into use C.will come into use . B.will be coming into use D.will have been come into use [Key:1.B 2.B 3 D 4 A 5 A 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.C l0.C| 

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