王江涛
（20大必背范文参考译文及外教录音MP3参见
《我的满分考研写作书——新东方首席主讲大话考研写作》，王江涛著，湖南
文艺出版社，2010年10月。考研复习更多资料参见：http://blog.sina.com.cn/jtwang ）
第一节
一、考试题型：
（一）小作文：
1、英语一：60%摘要，30%书信类应用文，10%告示类应用文； 2、英语二：70%书信类应用文，30%摘要。 （二）大作文：
1、英语一：90%图画作文，10%图表、提纲或情景作文； 2、英语二：90%图表作文，10%图画、提纲、情景作文。
二、写作冲刺：
考研写作命题规律：反押题（逆向思维） 考研写作判卷规律：反模板！
（一）背诵：20大必背范文（见后），滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善！ （二）默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点。大作文15分钟，小作文8分钟
（三）仿写：考研写作六大必考话题： 1、健康：96、97
2、两代关系：92、03、05 3、爱心：95、01、06小 4、环境：99、00、09小
5、青年面对社会：03、04、07、08 6、文化：
1）流行文化：06、09、09MBA、10英语二 2）文化交流/文化融合：02、10
三、告示类应用文：
1. 2010英语一真题：招募启事
Directions:
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use \" postgraduate association \" instead.(10 points)
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全国第一范文：
NOTICE
Volunteers are needed for the International Conference on Globalziation to be held on this campus in early July. Basic requirements are familarity with the theme of the conference and proficiency of English. Other requirements include interpersonal communication ability, familarity with our city in terms of its tourist attractions and its history, proper manners, and sense of responsibility. Priority and preference will be given to those experienced, either in international conference or in other similar activities.
Call 86754321 or send messages to postgr_ass@ccc.edu.cn for an application and for information on the interview. Enquiries are encouraged but visists declined. （97words）
The Postgraduate’s Association
1、小作文十大必背范文之一：
Volunteers Needed
January 9, 2010
To improve students’ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization to be held on December 9, 2010 in Beijing. To begin with, applicants should have Chinese nationality, a strong professional spirit, cheerful personality and be aged under 35. In addition, candidates must have outstanding skills at English listening comprehension and the ability to speak Chinese and English fluently. Finally, students with relevant professional experience are preferred. Those graduate students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before February 1, 2010. Everybody is welcome to join in it. (107 words)
Postgraduate Association
2.小作文十大必背范文之二：2007年6月四级真题：招新启事
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join to a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 本社团的主要活动内容 2. 参加本社团的好处
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3. 如何加入本社团
Welcome to English Club
January 15, 2011
Welcome to English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.
You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions, watching Oscar-winning movies, and so on. These after-class activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.
You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via
englishclub@163.com. The deadline for entries is January 22. Come on, join us now! (127 words)
English Club
3.小作文十大必背范文之三：个人简历
RESUME
Li Ming
P. O. Box 237, Beijing University
5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871 Tel: 62768888 Email: Liming@163.com
Career Objective: A position with management potential in the banking business
specializing in international corporate financing
Educational Background:
Sept 2007 to Beijing University
July 2011 Major in International Business Management
Main courses include English, Computer, Business Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law
Work Experience:
July 2010 to Bank of China
June 2011 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing Draft business correspondence
Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be
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conferred upon graduation (2011)
College English Test Band 4 June 2008
Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University 2009 & 2010
Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel
Ability to work independently Outstanding Organizational skills
Experience: President of Student Union 2009－present Personal Data: Date of Birth: 9/17/1988
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Unmarried (148 words)
四、书信类应用文：
书信格式：（关系亲密即私人书信，关系不亲密即公务书信）
（一）称呼：
1、写给机构：Dear Sir or Madam, （06、07） 2、写给个人：（05）Dear Mr. Wang, （08）Dear Bob, （09）Dear Editors, （二）正文：3段，7句左右，100-130词，3-5个关联词（适可而止），3-5个从句（多多益善）
1、第一段：2句左右
1）自我介绍（私人书信除外）： （1）工作人员：
05年：I am a staff member from your company/corporation. 06年：I am a staff member from Motorola（China）Electronics
Ltd.
（2）学生：I am a
freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.
2）写作目的：书信的中心思想，改写提纲一
（1）05年：I am writing the letter for purpose of resigning from my
current post/position.
（2） 06年：I am writing to inform you that I wish to request if you
could help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.
2、第二段：3句左右，改写提纲二
1）主题句：1句 2）分论点一：1句 3）分论点二：1句
3、第三段：2句左右，改写提纲三或表示感谢+期待回信+写作目的 1）表示感谢（私人建议信除外）：
（1） My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. （2） Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you. （3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the
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kind assistance you render me.
2）期待回信：
（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. （3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated. （三）落款：
1）结尾客套：Yours sincerely,或Sincerely yours, 2）签名：Li Ming（英语一）/Zhang Wei（英语二）
最新真题：
2010年英语二真题：感谢信 Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S as a member of Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to 1）express your thanks to his/her warm reception,
2）welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write the address.（10 points）
全国第一范文：
Dear Bob,
I have just arrived at my home from the airport. As I sit behind the desk, I just want to write a letter to you. I am grateful for your warm reception in this cultural exchange program. You and your family gave me a deep impression. The program is one of the most wonderful memories in my life.
Once you said you want to travel in China. Well, you will be welcomed and it will be my pleasure to be your guide. By the way, send me a list and write down the places where you would like to visit.
Please give my best regards to your family. (108 words)
Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei
1、小作文十大必背范文之四：2005年真题：辞职信+道歉信 Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs＆Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
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Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine Design & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life.
However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job doesn't fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation.
Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconvenience my leaving may cause.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
2、小作文十大必背范文之五：2006年真题：请求信 Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Dear Sir or Madam,
Moved by the noble cause of Project Hope and encouraged by what has been achieved so far, I would like to contribute my bit to the project by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area of your province.
I would be much grateful if you could help me seek out a girl who has just started schooling but whose family cannot afford her education. My plan is to pay for her tuition on an annual basis till she finishes her secondary education. I would like to remit my donation directly to a bank account opened by her family in her local area.
Yours truly, Li Ming
3. 小作文十大必背范文之六：2007年真题：建议信 Directions:
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
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Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend my spare time. Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good; however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.
To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having class, so they can’t come to the library. Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be very pleased.
I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
4. 小作文十大必背范文之七：2008年真题：私人道歉信+建议信 Directions:
You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, 2) suggest a solution.
Dear Bob,
I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to return the music CD which I borrowed from you last week. Yesterday I have come back from Canada and I found it in my luggage. I am so sorry that you cannot listen to it at present.
The CD which I borrowed from you is made in Canada, so I believe you can find another one in your local store. How about your buying another CD by yourself and I will pay for it? If you cannot find the similar one, I would send it back to you through a post office. And if there are any other solutions you like, please let me know.
I am sorry again for my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 5. 小作文十大必背范文之之八：2009年真题：建议信 Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution” is still going on.
Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly, and 2) make two or three suggestions.
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Dear Editor,
I’m a sincere reader of your newspaper and I like your discussion of the social problems. Now I would like to give some opinions of myself about the “White Pollution”.
As we know, regulation was made to solve the problem in June 1st of 2008. The use of plastic bags for free was restricted in the supermarket and many other shops. At the beginning, it was carried on well, but now I find plastic bags are used in some small shops for free or with no pay.
I am writing to inform you that we should solve this problem soon with the help of your newspaper. You could make some investigations about it and write some reports of it, so as to appeal to all the people’s attention of our society.
Sincerely, Li Ming
6. 小作文十大必背范文之九：备忘录/报告 Directions:
You are the president of a company. Write a memo to George Gordon Byron, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.
Date：January 15, 2011
To：George Gordon Byron, Vice President From：Li Ming, President
Subject：Computer Training of the Staff
As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.
I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.
Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science.
五、摘要：英语一及英语二最新大纲样题：
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
经济全球化的主要原因
20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：
全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手
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段。科技是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要 标志的新的科技的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导， 成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联,世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成,以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。
全球化的经济基础。市场经济的强势地位不断增强，公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。
首先，市场经济成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80 年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体, 40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明，市场经济已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动，就谈不上经济全球化。
其次，力量不断壮大的公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。
最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流.各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。 在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还出现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织（WTO）所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则，作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行 (WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的
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规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。（1590字）
参
1、小作文十大必背范文之十： （1）中文摘要
20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面。全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。全球化的经济基础。首先，市场经济成为世界各国发展经济的首选。其次，力量不断壮大的公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。（155字） （2）参考范文：
Main Reasons of Economic Globalization
Since the early 1950s, economic globalization has been developing rapidly. Briefly speaking, its reasons mainly include the following ones. The first reason is the technical foundation of economic globalization. Advancements in science and technology have provided the material basis and the technical means for the rapid development of globalization. The second reason is the economic foundation of globalization. Firstly, the market economy has become the first choice of promoting economy for every country in the world. Secondly, multinationals which are expanding continuously have become the center of economic globalization. Lastly, international economic organizations have been the organic safeguards for the development of economic globalization. (104 words) 2、《2010年考试分析》范文：课堂讲解范文
(1)中文摘要
经济全球化的主要原因
20世纪50年代以来，经济全球化的迅猛发展是几个主要原因的结果。开始于20世纪50年代，以电子技术和信息技术形式出现的科技进步为经济全球化提供了物质基础和技术手段。作为大多数国家首选的市场经济的强势地位不断增强，作为中坚力量的公司的突飞发展，世界贸易组织、国际货币基金组织和世界银行等国际经济组织的不断完善都为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。
(2)参考范文
Primary Factors of Economic Globalization
The rapid growth of economic globalization since 1950s has been the result of several important causes or factors. The progress of science and technology, starting in 1950s in the form of electric technology and information technology, has provided a material foundation and the technical means for the economic globalization. The ever consolidated dominance of market economy as the first choice for most countries, the almost pervasive presence of international
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corporations as the core part, and the constant growth and improvement of such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB all performed as solid and organic parts of an economic globalization. (101 words) 3、《2010年英语二大纲解析》范文：
（1）中文摘要
经济全球化的主要原因
20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。一些原因促成了这种发展。首先，通过提供物质基础和技术手段，科技进步提供了技术基础。同时，全球盛行的市场经济为这种全球化奠定了坚实的物质基础。其他原因包括公司在微观经济领域的支持和推动作用，以及世界贸易组织、国际货币基金组织和世界银行等国际经济组织在国际贸易和金融领域所发挥的不断增强的协调与规范作用。
（2）参考范文
Fundamental Causes of Economic Globalization
Economic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of the 1950s. Several factors have contributed to such development. Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means. Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market economy which is prevailing over the world. Other factors include the pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the international trade and finance.(100 words)
第二节 大作文
一、2010年英语一最新真题：图画作文
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
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文字说明：佛、梁祝、解构、人本、功夫、毕昇、儒、礼、后现代、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦、道、仁、天鹅湖、启蒙、京剧等
全国第一范文：
A Hot Pot of Cultures, Both Delicious and Nutritious
In the picture above is a large hot pot. But different from the traditional Chinese hot pot, in which you see beef or lamb, luncheon meat, mushrooms, and a variety of vegetables, in this hot pot are various “cultural foodstuffs” of both Chinese and foreign origins: Confucius, Aristotle, and Shakespeare; Taoism, Greek mythology, etc.
What lies behind the picture, or “buried” in the hot pot, is clear: for the construction of the Chinese culture and the future, materials of both Chinese and foreign features are indispensable.
We are living in an age when economic globalization is not only heard over the media but also seen and felt in the reality of our daily life. No nation or country can maintain its well-being by living on and by itself. The history of China in the last half of the 20th century has provided a whole pack of vivid and convincing experiences, both of successes and failures, in that consideration. Only from the various and varied sources of the other nations, together that of with our own, can we obtain sufficient nutriments for a Chinese culture worth her pride and her leadership in the present and the future world. (197 words)
二、2010年英语二最新真题：图表作文
Directions:
In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1） interpret the chart and 2） give your comments.
You should write at least 150 English words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 Points)
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Mobile-phone Subscriptions (2000-2008)
(subscription number: billion)
全国第一范文：
As is shown in the chart, mobile phone subscriptions grow rapidly from 2000 to 2008. We can also find out that developing countries are the driving force for such a rapid growth. According to the chart, mobile-phone subscription number increased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008, that is from around 0.5 billion to 4 billion, while that of developed countries only increased twice from around 0.5 billion to 1 billion.
I think there are two main reasons for such a great contrast. First of all, developing countries have much larger population than developed countries. For example, China and India nearly have half of the total population of the world. China has the most mobile-phone users right now, which increased greatly from 2000 to 2008. It is the same in India and other developing countries. Secondly, developing countries have been enjoying strong economic growth in recent years. As a result, people in most developing countries are richer and richer, especially in China. So they can afford to buy such necessities, including mobile-phone, as the prices continued to drop greatly in the past years.
Thus, we can conclude that as economy grows strongly in developing countries, people in these countries can buy products. (201 words)
三、考研大作文框架结构：3段，12句左右，160-250词（英语二150-200词），5-7个关联词（适可而止），5-7个从句（多多益善） 1、Introduction：第一段，提出问题，图画描述（图画作文）/图表描述（图表作文）/现状说明（情景或提纲作文），3句左右
1） 图画/图表描述：
（1） General description：总体描述，人物+动作+环境或数据变化规
律，1句
（2） Details 1, 2, 3：挖掘细节词，串联成句，1句
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（3） Caption/Symbolic meaning：文字说明或象征寓意，1句 2）现状说明：
（1）Background information：背景交代 （2）General talk of the topic：引出主题
（3）Thesis：State specifically what your opinion is，确立论点
2、Body： 第二段，分析问题，意义阐释（图画作文）或原因列举（图表、提纲或情景作文），5句左右
1）Topic sentence：Symbolic meaning，主题句，象征寓意，1句 2）Argument：论证，3句左右，考研写作四大论证手段
（1）Cause and Effect：因果论证 （2）Exemplification：举例论证
A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice. B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s). C. This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…
（3）联系现实：以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想
为抽象
（4）正反论证：
3）Summary：小结，概括论证，总结本段，1句
3、Conclusion：第三段，解决问题，建议措施/归纳结论，4句左右 1）Concluding sentence：结论句，呼应象征寓意，1句
2）Suggestions 1、2：两点建议（针对双方提建议）或两句评论，2句 3）包装结尾、展望未来：1句，考研写作三大优秀句型 （1）倒装句：Only in this way can we solve this problem. 只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。
（2）强调句：It is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a
considerable vocabulary.只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。
（3）虚拟语气：It is high time that we solved this problem. 我们早就该解决这个问题了。
四、大作文十大必背范文
1. 1998年真题：职业道德professional ethics
Directions:
A. Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.
B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.
C. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon. 2. Give your comments.
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The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life. Regretfully, quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense, just as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks.
Odd and funny as they sound, such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country. Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes; manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality; commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services. Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations, duties and jobs in these so called promises? I guess your answer will be negative. As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.
I dare say that our society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy system. They should remember the old saying, “Honesty is the best policy”. (219 words)
2.2000年真题：环境保护environmental protection Directions:
A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay in at least
150words.
B. Your essay must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET2. C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1. Describe the pictures.
2. Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures. 3. Suggest counter measures.
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As is vividly/symbolically shown/described/depicted/illustrated/revealed/portrayed in the cartoons/drawings/portrayals/photos/photographs/pictures, with the rapid/speedy social and economic development, the number of fishes has sharply decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing-boats.
The purpose/aim of the pictures is to show us that due/utmost attention/importance/significance should/must/has to be paid/attached to the decline of ocean resources. Owing /Due to/Because of over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously shrunk. If we let this situation go/continue as it is, we do not know where fish will be in the near/forthcoming future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore/Hence/Accordingly, it is imperative/necessary for us to take drastic/effective/some/several measures/steps/actions. For one thing, we should appeal to our governments/authorities to make/legislate/enact/issue/establish strict laws and regulations to control/regulate commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance/increase/cultivate the awareness/sense of people that the ocean resources are very/extremely vital/essential/crucial to us. Only in this way/by doing so can we protect our ocean resources. Also I assume/maintain/reckon that we humans can overcome/surmount this difficulty, and we will have a brighter/more brilliant future.
3.2004年真题：坚持persistence；创新innovation；成功success；奋斗精神striving
spirit；拼搏精神determined spirit；人生观outlook of life
Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawing, 2) interpret its meaning, and
3) support your view with examples.
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As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the finishing line of a race on the playground, the lovely young man has to continue his new journey in no time instead of stopping to take a rest. He has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping or going on” which might have confused many others.
With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically than that of people's view on their own life. It is generally agreed upon that people have to adjust themselves to this new change. On the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by setting new goals in their daily life. Take the famous scientist Thomas Edison for example. He had done very well in his early life, but continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. On the other hand, if one is obsessed with the success he has achieved, he would lose the chance to pursue new success. What is more, he may become the slave of his success. There are many cases showing that people lose their courage to better themselves after becoming successful. To sum up, one's view on his success determines his future. In my opinion, it is necessary to carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing people who have a burning desire for more and ever greater achievement when they are already well-known. So that people in the society will develop a forward-looking attitude and make their life worth living and the world more beautiful as well.
4.2007年真题：信心confidence；金融危机financial crisi；就业employment Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
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As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the goal, the man on the left seems to be keeping a “huge goal” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the person on the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge keeper”. It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.
This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their abilities to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine. Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems.
On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it.
5.2008年真题：合作cooperation Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2.
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As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg. Obviously, it is teamwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want to.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is increasingly fierce. It is impossible for anyone to finish a work all by himself. Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on teamwork. In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.
Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of teamwork in our society. We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Every one should have the ability of teamwork. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.
6.2009年真题：流行文化popular culture：网络Internet Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments.
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As is illustrated in the cartoon, each person sits in their own work room. In front of them is a computer. Everyone looks at the screen carefully, and communicate with their colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face. Their work places are placed like a net. And below the cartoon, there is a topic which says: the near and far among the Internet.
From the cartoon, we can conclude that the cartoonist wants to convey such a message: with the popularity of computers, people from all over the world become nearer by using the Internet to communicate with each other. Meanwhile, people also become far away from their friends. All of us accept the fact that the development of the internet brings lots of conveniences to our daily life, for instance, we can buy a book on the net instead of going to a bookstore. Besides, we can communicate with our friends on the net without going out of home. But we can’t ignore the other side of these: the time we spend with friends or family becomes less. And we hardly see them once in a week. It will make us feel lonely if we continue to use the tool on the net to talk with friends instead of talking with them on the phone or going out with them.
To my best understanding, we should use the net to communicate with each other in a proper way. It is just a tool when we really need it to serve us. If we want to keep our friendship more effectively, we should spend more time with them in our real life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication tool on the net but also make our friendship stronger. (299 words)
7. 2010年真题：文化融合cultural blending/integration
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
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文字说明：佛、梁祝、解构、人本、功夫、毕昇、儒、礼、后现代、老舍、
莎士比亚、爱因斯坦、道、仁、天鹅湖、启蒙、京剧等
As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Goodness, ritual, humanism, Enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Beijing Opera, Gong Fu, Liang Zhu and Swan Lake. We are informed that the cultural “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious.
The purpose of the cartoonist is to show us that instead of being outdated and of little value in a rapidly modernizing world, cultural blending should be encouraged and maintained. On the one hand, mosaic cultures are part of the universal heritage of humanity and they are powerful means of bringing together diverse peoples and social groups. Consequently, cultural integration has become indispensable as a means of promoting further cultural development and maintenance. On the other hand, for China, as for any other rapidly developing country, there is a danger that age-old customs and traditions may become lost in the shadows of modernization. If Gong Fu, Beijing Opera or Swan Lake Ballet ever perished from the earth, it would be a tragedy of immeasurable proportions.
In my view, multi-cultures can be kept alive by the people with the time to do so, and is extremely vital in ensuring a community’s future development and prosperity. As a consequence of successful commercialization efforts, unwavering government support and growing interests overseas, the future of cultural blending looks brighter and more secure than ever before. (254 words) 8.2010年英语二真题：手机入网mobile-phone subscription
Directions:
In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
3） interpret the chart and 4） give your comments.
You should write at least 150 English words.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 Points)
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Mobile-phone Subscriptions (2000-2008)
(subscription number: billion)
From the information given in the above column chart, we can see a striking contrast in mobile-phone subscriptions between developing and developed countries from 2000 to 2008. During this period, there has been a dramatic increase from 0.4 to 4 billion mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries, while that of developed countries remained steady under 1 billion during the decade.
At least two fundamental factors could contribute to this phenomenon. On the one hand, with the rapid increase in economy happening in the developing countries, the telecommunication industry in those countries got a great bound to meet the demand of globalization. As a result, the user of mobile phone which can narrow the distance between people and link the whole world together rose at an incredible speed. On the other hand, the extremely advanced civilization of developed countries means less potential in many aspects including in the area of private telecommunication tools and their demand for further enlargement of such tools tend to saturation.
In conclusion, while mobile phones subscriptions, if used carelessly or without restraint, could prove to be a double-edged sword, the fact remains that it is already extremely prevalent in both developing and developed countries and even today, continue rise in popularity. Given the levels of intelligence, prudence and discretion imbued in people, I am sure that most of them will be able to sidestep the potential drawbacks of mobile phones, while taking advantage of all its merits. （241 words）
9.气候与环境：全球变暖global warming Directions:
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Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawings. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawings briefly,
2) explain their intended meanings, and
3) give your comments.
图一：全球变暖导致极地冰川融化 图二：无家可归的北极熊
As is subtly revealed in the cartoons above, global warming is a real threat to our world. In the first drawing, the glaciers in the polar region are rapidly melting owing to global warming. In the second picture, a homeless polar bear is staying on an isolated big block of ice.
The purpose of these portrayals is to show us that global warming is a looming threat to people all over the world. To begin with, global warming leads to the rise of sea levels. Large sections Chinese coastal regions would gradually disappear under rising sea levels because of global warming, severely impairing the country’s social and economic progress. China’s long coastline is the base for about 70% of the large cities, over half of the domestic population and nearly 60% of the national economy. With comparatively-advanced social, economic and cultural developments, China’s off-shore regions will suffer great losses if the sea level does not cease rising. In addition, global warming increases the possibility and intensity of extreme weather such as hurricanes and snowstorms. Hurricanes and typhoons have become stronger and longer-lasting over the past 30 years. These upswings correlate with a rise in sea surface temperatures due to global warming.
Taking into account the devastating effects of global warming, we can draw the conclusion that global warming is a great threat to our world. Facing the growing menace of global warming, more scientific and active preventive measures should be taken on a larger scale to change for the better. （250 words）
10.经济与环境：低碳经济low carbon economy Directions:
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Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
As is symbolically illustrated in the picture, a lovely baby is sleeping comfortably on the beautiful earth with a little bird singing over him. In the drawing, a huge green umbrella shelters the baby and the earth from the threatening outside world. The caption indicates that we should advocate low carbon economy and cherish the earth.
The painter aims at reminding us the relationship between low carbon economy and environmental protection. In the first place, low carbon economy is crucial to sustainable economic development. Economic expansion causes irreparable damage to our environment. A fragile ecological environment, insufficient environmental capacity and shortage of resources are becoming critical problems hindering the world’s development. If we want to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection should be integrated into our economic endeavors. Low carbon economy will have a direct impact on the overall situation of the world’s modernization drive and its long-term development. In the second place, environmental protection is in line with traditional Chinese culture. One of the core principles of traditional Chinese culture is to maintain harmony between man and nature. Many philosophies from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have emphasized the significance of a balanced environment. As an old Chinese saying goes, “Forefathers plant trees so future generations can enjoy the shade.” Protecting our environment and preserving a healthy environment for future generations goes hand in hand with Chinese culture.
Generally speaking, low carbon economy is indispensable for sustainable development. Haunted by various environmental problems, we should put the low carbon economy at the core of our economic development plans and solve
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wide-ranging environmental problems before they evolve into environmental crisis. (268 words)
附录：2011年最新大纲：
（一）评价目标：
英语一：
考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。写作时，考生应能：
1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当； 2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；
3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯； 4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域（指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）。
英语二：
考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确，切中题意，结构清晰，条理清楚，用词恰当，无明显语言错误。
（二）考试内容：
英语一：
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。 A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。
1） 考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性
短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
2） 要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80-100词的文章摘要。 考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分。
B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160－200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。共20分。
英语二：
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共2题，25分。 A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。 备选题型包括：
1） 考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，
包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。 2） 要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80-100词的文章摘要。 考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分。
B节：要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字等。考生在答题卡2上作答。共15分。
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（三）评分原则和方法：
1、一般评分标准适用于A、B两节。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。
A节
本部分的评分重点在于信息表达的全面、准确、恰当。主要包括信息点的覆盖是否全面，语篇结构和格式是否正确，语言表达是否准确，语域是否恰当等方面。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据试题的具体情况做出相应规定。
B节
B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。
2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有1－3分的调节分。
3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右或80-100词。B节作文的字数要求是160－200词（英语二：不少于150词）。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。
4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
（四）一般评分标准：
第五档：A节（9－10）分，B节（英语一17－20分）（英语二13-15分）。
很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
·包含所有内容要点； ·使用丰富的语法结构和词汇； ·语言自然流畅，语法错误极少； ·有效地采用了多种衔接手段，文字连贯，层次清晰； ·格式与语域恰当确切。
对目标读者（即语言接受对象）完全产生了预期的效果。
第四档：A节（7－8分）， B节（英语一13－16分）（英语二10-12分）。
较好地完成了试题规定的任务。 ·包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉1、2个次重点； ·使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇； ·语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有
个别错误；
·采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密； ·格式与语域较恰当。
对目标读者产生了预期的效果。
第三档：A节（5－6）分， B节（英语一9－12分）（英语二7-9分）。
基本完成了试题规定的任务。 ·虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点； ·应用的的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求； ·有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解； ·采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰； ·格式与语域基本合理。
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对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。
第二档：A节（3－4分）， B节（英语一5－8分）（英语二4-6分）。
未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。 ·漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容； ·语法结构单调、词汇项目有限； ·有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解； ·未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性； ·格式与语域不恰当。
未能清楚地传达信息给读者。
第一档：A节（1－2分）， B节（英语一1－4分）（英语二1-3分）。
未完成试题规定的任务。 ·明显漏掉主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容； ·语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复； ·语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差； ·未使用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段； ·无格式与语域概念。 未能传达信息给读者。
零档（0分）：所传达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。
（考研写作更多资料参见《考研英语高分写作》，王江涛编著，群言出版社，2010年8月）
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