专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷293 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有: 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.
1. Just months after entering politics, he finds he has been under_______ by a dogged justice system.
A.sanity B.scarcity C.scrutiny D.serenity
正确答案:C 解析:就在他从政的几个月后,他就发现自己已处于顽固司法系统的监督之下了。A.sanity”明智,头脑清楚”
B.scarcity“缺乏,不足”
C.scrutiny“监视,详细审查” D.serenity“平静,宁静”。 知识模块:语法与词汇
2. We work to make money, but it’s a_______ that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.
A.dilemma B.struggle C.collision D.paradox
正确答案:D 解析:我们通过工作赚钱,但辛苦工作很长时间的人通常挣的钱并不是最多的,这实在是有些自相矛盾。A dilemma指进退两难的境遇,左右为难,例如:They were caught in a real dilemma.他们陷入了进退两难的境地。
B.struggle“搏斗,挣扎,努力”,指需要努力面对或拼搏的困难或险情,例如:It was a hard straggle to get my work done in time.为使工作按时完成,我做了一番努力。
C.collision“冲突”,指意见、利益等的冲突、抵触,也指两物的相撞,例如:The two ships came into collision.两艘轮船相撞。
D.paradox指似是而非的说法,自相矛盾的结论(如本题),例如:The faster he tried to finish,the longer it seemed to take him.It is quite a paradox.他越是想快点完成,似乎就做得越慢,这实在是很矛盾。 知识模块:语法与词汇
3. Jane was determined to ______herself in the African way of life. A.immerse B.dip C.duck D.submerge
正确答案:A
解析:简决心潜心研究非洲人的生活方式。A.immerse“沉浸,浸入”,表示全部浸入液体中,比喻义为埋头从事某项工作,例如:She immersed herself in her work.她投入工作。
B.dip“浸”,指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体,多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作,例如:She dipped a toe in the water to see how cold it was.她用脚尖沾了沾水,看看水到底有多凉。
C.duck“潜入”,表示猛然扎入水中,又很快取出,例如:They ducked me in the pool.他们把我猛按入水池中。
D.submerge“浸没,淹没”,指长时间的完全浸入、潜入,强调浸入液体深层,例如:The river overflowed and submerged the farmland.河水泛滥,淹没了农田。注:这里用到了比喻义,immerse oneself in表示“潜心于,专心于”,所以选A。 知识模块:语法与词汇
4. The small village was perfectly quiet, except for a few ______dog barking. A.abrupt B.accidental C.casual D.occasional
正确答案:D
解析:这座小村庄非常安静。除了偶尔会听到几声狗叫。A.abrupt“突然的,意外的”强调事物的突变。
B.accidental“偶然的,意外的”,强调说明一件事意外的发生,没有预料到的发生。
C.casual“随便的,不经意的”,强调无目的无计划发生的事,含有随便的意味。
D.occasional“偶然的,不时的”,说明一件事偶然的发生,不经常的发生(如本题)。 知识模块:语法与词汇
5. Mr. Mage is always ______on appearing his views these years. A.anxious B.enthusiastic C.keen D.thirsty
正确答案:C 解析:麦基先生这几年都是如此热衷于抛洒他的观点。A.anxious常与about
搭配,表示“焦急盼望的,渴望的”,常含有焦急、担心的意味,例如:she was extremely anxious about her exams.她因考试感到极度不安。
B.enthusiastic也常与about搭配,表示对某事物的极端喜爱或热情赞许,例如:He Was quite enthusiastic about the idea他对这个想法很感兴趣。
C.keen后常接介词on(如本题),表示受极大兴趣或意念驱使而热心地做某事,例如:A lot of boys are keen on computer games.许多男生喜爱电脑游戏。
D.thirsty后常跟介词for,表示“渴望……的”,指具有做某事的强烈的愿望,例如:I am thirsty for detailed information.我渴望得到详细的消息。 知识模块:语法与词汇
6. If we ______in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English.
A.insist B.adhere C.persist D.maintain
正确答案:C
解析:如果我们坚持这种做法,渐渐地我们就会学会用英语来表达自己。A insist常表示坚持意见、看法、主张,后跟介词on,例如:He insisted on walking home with her.他一定要和她一起步行回家。
B.adhere“坚持,忠于”,暗示坚持不懈之意,后常跟介词to,例如:How many people actually adhere to this view?实际有多少人坚持这一观点呢?
C.persist“坚持,执意”多指固执己见,但有时也可指褒义,后常跟介词in(如本题),例如:Most of them persist in setting strict demands on themselves.他们大多数人坚持严格要求自己。
D.maintain“维持,坚持”,后不用加介词,例如:She maintains that the accusation is groundless.她坚持认为该指控是毫无根据的。 知识模块:语法与词汇
7. Race remains a prominent and ______ issue in the United States, which has struggled to overcome a legacy of slavery and discrimination.
A.sensible B.sensitive C.sentimental D.sensational
正确答案:B
解析:尽管美国一直在努力克服奴隶制的残余思想、消除歧视,但种族问题仍比较严重且敏感。A.sensible“明智的,合情合理的”
B.sensitive意为“敏感的,灵敏的” C.sentimental“多愁善感的,伤感的”
D.sensational“轰动的,使人感动的” 知识模块:语法与词汇
8. What these young men and women need to do now is to develop a mentality to reconcile their ideals with reality. The underlined part means ________.
A.interact B.interface C.harmonize D.pair
正确答案:C 解析:这些年轻男女如今要做的是将理想与现实协调好以发展其心智。下划线都分表示______。A.interact“互动”
B.interface“连接” C.harmonize“协调”
D.pair“配对”注:短语reconcile…with与harmonize…with意思一致,意为“协调……和……”。 知识模块:语法与词汇
9. We _______ any attempts to infiltrate company networks to obtain user information.
A.sentence B.condemn C.reproach D.scold
正确答案:B
解析:我们谴责任何试图渗入公司网络以获取用户信息的行为。A.sentence“判刑”,法律用语,例如:The judge sentenced him to do hard labour.法官判他服劳役。
B.condemn“谴责”,侧重从道义或原则上的谴责,例如:The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。
C.reproach“指责”,指不高兴或失望地指责,例如:His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。
D.scold“责骂,训斥”,多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落,例如:I never scolded,even if my children made mistakes.我从不斥责,即使我的孩子犯了错误我也不发火。注:从空格后的内容可以得知,渗入公司网络、以获取用户信息是一种不道德行为,condemn与之搭配恰当,选B。 知识模块:语法与词汇
10. The sun, rain, and frost had damaged the ______wall of this old building. A.exterior B.superficial C.outer D.outward
正确答案:A
解析:阳光、雨水和霜侵蚀了这座古建筑的外墙。A.exterior“外部的,外
面的”,和external经常可互换,但更强调位置与方位处于事物的表面或出于其外部的极限边缘,尤指建筑物(如本题),例如:exterior wall外墙。
B.superficial“表面的”,修饰表面的、没有深度的具体事物,例如:The crack in the table is only superficial.桌子上的裂口很浅。
C.outer“外面的,外部的”,该词保留了比较级,表示离中心再远一些,例如:journey to the outer space外太空旅行。
D.outward“向外的,外表的”,常表示离开内部朝外的运动或方向,例如:the outward voyage出航。 知识模块:语法与词汇
11. In the sentence “He did everything possible to help us”, the underlined word is used to modify
A.the subject. B.the predicate. C.the object.
D.the infinitive phrase.
正确答案:C
解析:当形容词修饰由every-、some-、any-、no-加body、one、thing等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。此处possible作后置定语修饰宾语everything,答案为C“宾语”。subject指主语,predicate指谓语,the infinitive phrase指不定式。 知识模块:语法与词汇
12. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A.Every 100 households have 93 television sets. B.More than one person is involved in this case. C.A woman with two children has come. D.Many a lady are talking under the tree.
正确答案:D
解析:考查数的一致。every后接单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;后接复数名词时,则用复数形式,A正确。“more than one+单数名词”结构虽有复数概念,但习惯上还是用单数动词,B正确。单数名词+with或as well as等结构要求动词一般与第一个名词一致,C也是正确的。只有D错误,many a后接单数名词虽表示复数概念“很多”,但谓语动词用单数形式,are应改成is。 知识模块:语法与词汇
13. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A.What delightful weather we are having! B.How empty and pedantic a thinker he is! C.What shame to deceive the girl! D.How sunny the weather is!
正确答案:C
解析:考查感叹句。在感叹句中,how后接形容词和副词,what后接名词,
主谓词序不倒装。what a常用来修饰单数可数名词.what则用来修饰复数名词或不可数名词。C中的shame是作单数可数名词用,意为“可耻的人或事物”,因此应用what a shame,C错误。 知识模块:语法与词汇
14. Henry does write his report very carefully, but I find that _______ of his two solutions is correct.
A.all B.none C.both D.neither
正确答案:D
解析:由转折词but可推出,“我”不赞同亨利提出的两个解决方案,可首先排除A、C;另外主语是all of his solutions/both his solutions时不能用is。none是指“三者或三者以上都不”,neither指“两者都不”,这里答案应为D。 知识模块:语法与词汇
15. Which of the following sentences expresses OFFER? A.Why don’t you give him some apples?
B.Can you check the account book again for me? C.Welcome. What can I do for you? D.Is Mary going to Australia next week?
正确答案:C
解析:考查句子含义和功能。C“欢迎!我能为你做什么吗?”是主动提供服务,为正确答案。A“何不给他一些苹果呢?”是给予建议;B“你可以帮我再对一遍账簿吗?”是要求;D“玛丽下周去澳大利亚吗?”是询问。 知识模块:语法与词汇
16. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A.Both his daughters have been married.
B.Both of sons will go abroad for further study. C.I have got blisters on both the feet.
D.Both of them gave me a present for Christmas.
正确答案:B
解析:考查both的用法。both之后可以紧接名词,也可以先接the/these/形容词性物主代词再接名词。若为前者,both之后不可接of;若为后者,both之后可以接of,故B错误,A、C正确。另外,both不可放在the/these/形容词性物主代词之后,也不可直接放在入称代词之前,必须用both of+人称代词。所以D也正确。 知识模块:语法与词汇
17. The art exhibition was not as good as I had expected. I wish I_______ to it. A.hadn’t gone
B.haven’t gone C.didn’t go
D.could not have gone
正确答案:A
解析:wish后接宾语从句时,通常用虚拟语气。由前半句的系动词was可看出展览会已举办过了。wish后的内容是对过去情况的假设,故应用过去完成时。答案为A。 知识模块:语法与词汇
18. —Will you go fishing with me this weekend? —Sorry, _______. I’m going to see the dentist.
A.I won’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I mustn’t
正确答案:B
解析:用will向第二人称提问的疑问句,表达一种意愿和请求,意为“请你……,好吗?”,其肯定回答可用“Sure!”“Yes,of course.”“Certainly!”等,否定回答通常是“Sorry,I can’t.”“No,I’m afraid I can’t.”“I’m sorry,but...”等。答案为B。 知识模块:语法与词汇
19. There used to be a power station in the countryside, ______? A.didn’t it
B.wouldn’t there C.shouldn’t it D.usedn’t there
正确答案:D
解析:反意疑问句中,当陈述部分为There (Here)+be+主语时,问句部分用“助动词+there/here”形式;当陈述部分用used to+主语时,问句部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t+主语”。综上所述,答案为D。A中的it如果改为there,即didn’t there,则也为正确答案。 知识模块:语法与词汇
20. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “I’ve done this _______”?
A.before B.yet C.recently D.again
正确答案:B
解析:考查副词用法。before表示“之前”,recently“最近”,again”再次”,都可以用在现在完成时中。yet表示“还,仍然”,一般用在否定的完成时态中。
知识模块:语法与词汇
21. The attendants who are ______ managed to cope with me without being able to speak English.
A.promising B.appealing C.pleasing D.obliging
正确答案:D
解析:服务员招待周到。他们不会讲英语,可是也想方设法解决我的问题。A.promising“有希望的,有前途的”
B.appealing“有吸引力的,动人的” C.pleasing“令人愉快的”
D.obliging“热心助人的,热情体贴的” 知识模块:语法与词汇
22. There is no place for_______ in business! A.emotion B.passion C.sensation D.sentiment
正确答案:D
解析:做生意容不得感情用事。A.emotion”情感,感情”,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动,例如:He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。
B.passion“激情,欲望”,指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲,例如:He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。
C.sensation指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的“感觉,知觉”,例如:When she watched the film,she had the sensation that she Was in a moving car.她看电影时,感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。
D.sentiment“思想感情,情绪,感情色彩”,指由于某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用(如本题),例如:She is a woman of sentiment.她是一个多愁善感的女人。 知识模块:语法与词汇
23. We met Rihana and her husband at a party two months ago. _______ we’ve had no further communication.
A.Thereof B.Thereafter C.Thereby D.Thereabouts
正确答案:B
解析:我们两个月前在一个聚会上碰到过蕾哈娜和她先生。自此以后,再也
没有进一步联系过。A.Thereof“其,其中”
B.Thereafter“其后,此后” C.Thereby“借此,由此”
D.Thereabouts“在那附近,大约” 知识模块:语法与词汇
24. You have to blow your own _______sometimes—no one else will do it for you.
A.trumpet B.whistle C.bugle D.flute
正确答案:A
解析:有时你必须自我吹嘘一下,没有人会代替你那样做的。A.trumpet“喇叭”
B.whistle“口哨” C.bugle“军号”
D.flute“长笛”注:这四个词都可以作动词blow的宾语,但是blow one’s own trumpet是固定搭配,意思是“自吹自擂,往自己脸上贴金”,故选A。 知识模块:语法与词汇
25. When it comes to job performance, Michael can’t hold a candle to Tom. The underlined part means_______.
A.is weaker than B.is no better than
C.isn’t compatible with
D.can’t keep his temper with
正确答案:A 解析:说到工作表现,迈克尔比不上汤姆。下划线部分的含义是______。 A.is weaker than“比……差”
B.is no better than“几乎等于”
C.isn’t compatible with“不能与……相兼容”
D.can’t keep his temper with“忍不住脾气”注:短语can’t hold a candle to的意思是“比不上,不如”,即A。注意与B相区别。 知识模块:语法与词汇
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