主要题型：1、主旨大意题任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想,所以,文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想,就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力,而这种能力又常是要考查的重点。很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想,它主要通过主题句(TopicSentence)来体现。选标题或主题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小。一般来说,文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词,如inshort,Inaword,inbrief,tosumup,toconclude等。其常用提问方式主要有:Whatisthemainidea/topicofthepassage?Thecentralpointofthese-lectionisthat.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith.Thepassagesmainlyabout...等。2、语义猜测题该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。常见的提问方式有:Theword“…”inthecontextmeans...；Theword“…”couldbebestreplacedby...；Whichofthefollowingisnearestmeaningto?Theword“…”probablyrefersto...这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文,还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。3、细节理解题该题型主要测试学生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力,分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息,然后能快速地将他们回忆出来;而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息进行各种转换,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。如排序、图文转换、数字转换、同义(反义)转换等。常见的提问方式有:WhichofthefollowingisNOTincluded(mentioned)inthepassage?WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?4、推理判断题这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力,包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有:Wecaninfer/learnfromthe(last)paragraphthat...；Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...；Thepassageimplies/suggeststhat...；Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassageis.这需要学生读懂原文,完全理解文中的细节信息,对其进行分析、推算,从而得出正确的结论。5、观点态度题应注意的几个问题(1)要学会辨清文章的体裁。高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章，以议论文为主，文章的主题句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度、立场；说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者往往采取中立态度；记叙文，因为作者写作时也常带有某种感情倾向性，所以考生在读这种体裁的文章时要细心，捕捉那些烘托气氛、表达或暗示情感或态度的词句。(2)要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：①表示支持或肯定的词语positive积极的，乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的等。②表示中立的词语indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的，中立的；uninterested不感兴趣的；neutral中立的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等。③表示反对或否定的词语disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious怀疑的；disappointed失望的；ironic讽刺的等。④表示情感的词语bitter令人不快的；emotional情绪激动的；angry气愤的等。阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点：1.带着问题阅读短文。2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。4.尽快选择答案。ExpertsbelievethatstormsandsevereweatherinNorthAmericaandAsiahavedisruptedbirdflightpathsacrosstheworldandswepthugenumbersofbirdspeciestowardstheBritishIsles.BirdsflyingtotheothersideoftheAtlanticortothePacifictolaytheireggshavebeentrappedinBritainandIreland,addingtheirnumberstonativespecies,andcausinggreatexcitementinthebird-watchingcommunity.Localbirdwatchershavealreadyobservedatotalof442speciesintheBritishIslesthisyear.Thehighestnumbereverseeninoneyearis445,in2008.“Weonlyneedfourmoretobreakourrecord,”saidLeeEvans,whorunstheBritishBirdingAssociation.“WiththreemonthstogoI’msurewe’lldoit.”LastmonthanextremelyrareSiberianRubythroatbirdwasseeninScotland,sendinghundredsofbirdwatchersnorthinthehopeofcatchingaglimpseofthiscolorfulAsianbeauty.Anotherveryuncommonbird,thebuffleheadduckwascitedinCornwellandcausedsimilarexcitement.“Icouldn’tbelieveit,”saidEvans.“Thepoorthingwascompletelyknackered.ItmusthavebeenblowntoEnglandbythestormswhiletryingtoflyfromCanadatothesouthernUnitedStatesforthewinter.That’s3000miles!”Evanssaidthatglobalwarmingoverthepastdecadewasplayingakeyroleintransformingbirdmovementsacrosstheworld.Inaddition,meltingArcticseaicemayalsobeopeningupbirdflightpathsovertheNorthPole,makingiteasierforbirdsfromthePacific—suchastheslaty-backedgullandtuftedpuffin,bothofwhichappearedinLondonearlierthisyear—toreachBritain.Bird-watchingisbecominganincreasinglypopularhobbyamongallagegroups,addedEvans.“Afifthofourmembersareunder18.Thisisaround-the-yearhobbythatyoucanenjoyfromthekitchenwindoworfromacar.Moreandmorepeoplearebird-watching,andasaresultmoreandmoreunexpectedspeciesarebeingspottedintheBritishIsles.”1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theresultsofglobalwarming.B.ChangesintheBritishbirdpopulation.C.Increasingenvironmentalpollution.D.WorseningBritishweather.2.Theunderlinedword“knackered”isclosestinmeaningto__________.A.boredB.knockedC.spottedD.tired3.HowmanymorebirdspeciesareneededtoequaltheBritishbird-watchingrecord?A.3.B.4.C.442.D.445.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbirdscomesfromAsia?A.Slaty-backedgull.B.Bufflehead.C.Rubythroat.D.Tuftedpuffin.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblereasonforseeingmorebirdspeciesinBritain?A.Anincreaseinthenumberofbirdwatchers.B.Agrowthinthenumberofnativespecies.C.Stormsduetoglobalwarming.D.ThemeltingArcticicecap.科普知识型阅读理解Lastnight'smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley'smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated，”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs，snakes，Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark¬SkyAssociation，“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties(伤亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly，peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans，too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.1．Ithappenedlastnightthat________．A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB．themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC．thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD．themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting2．Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A．Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B．Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C．LightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyearsD．Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.3．WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B．Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C．Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.D．Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.4．LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto________．A．lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB．createanidealobservationconditionC．ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD．enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony5．Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A．Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B．Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C．Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.Whensomeonemeetsastrangerwiththesamehobby，thatpersonimmediatelybecomesafriend.Peopleenjoythecompanyofotherswhoshareasimilarinterest.Oftentheywillformaclubandtravelgreatdistancestoattendmeetingswheretheycantalkabouttheirhobbies.Otherpeoplehavesuchunusualhobbiesthatnooneelsecansharethem.Sometimestheytrytodosomethingbetter，fasterorlongerthananyoneelseinordertohavetheirnamesincludedintheGuinnessBookofWorldRecords.AladyinMassachusettsmayhavetheworld'seasiesthobby：sheletsherhairgrow.DianeWitthasnotcutherhairfortwelveyears.Itisnoweightfeet(2.44meters)long，andshewillsoonsetanewworldrecordandhernamewillbeplacedintheGuinnessbook.AthirtyyearoldmaninPennsylvaniaplayedthepianoforfortyfivedaysandelevenhours，whileamusicianinConnecticutplayedtheflute(长笛)forfortythreehours.AteacherinCaliforniatypedforover162hours，andaladyfromIowaspentsixyearstypingthenumbersfromonetoonemillion.ProbablythecleanestpeopleintheworldaretwoyoungwomenfromEnglandwhostayedintheshowerforoverninetyeighthours；butamaninOregonwasmorethantwiceascleanaftertakingashowerthatlastedtwohundredhours.Someoneoncesaidthat“Recordsaremadetobebroken”．OnerecordthatmanyyoungmenmightenjoybreakingistheonemadebyRogerGuyEnglishofCalifornia.Duringaperiodofeighthours，Rogerkissedthreethousandyoungwomen.1．Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A．somepeopledosomethingspecialtoputnamesintheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsB．ittookaladyfromIowasixmonthstotypethenumbersfromonetoonemillionC．ateacherinCaliforniatypedforover8daysD．aladyinNewYorkhasn'thadhaircutfor12years2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．DianeWitt'shairisnoweightmeterslong.B．AthirtyyearoldmaninPennsylvaniaplayedthepianofor2,160hours.C．AmusicianinConnecticutplayedtheviolinforonedayand19hours.D．TwoyoungwomenfromEnglandstayedintheshowerforover6days.3．Theunderlinedword“company”(inParagraph1)means________.A．beingexcellentB．beingsimilarC．beingfriendlyD．beingtogether4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GuinnessBook.B．HowtoGetWorldRecords.C．WorldRecords.D．RecordsAreMadetoBeBroken.5．Judgingfromthewritingstyleofthepassage，itis________.A．apieceofadvertisementB．asciencereportC．apassageforprofessionalreadingD．apassagefromamagazine社会生活型阅读理解。An“applepolisher”isonewhogivesgiftstowinfriendshiporspecialtreatment.Itisnotexactlyabribe(贿赂),butisclosetoit.Allsortsofpeopleare“applepolishers”，includingpoliticiansandpeopleinhighoffices—justabouteverybody.OliverCromwell,thegreatEnglishleader,offeredmanygiftstowinthesupportofGeorgeFoxandhisparty,butfailed.Thereareotherphrasesmeaningthesamethingas“apple¬polishing”—“soft¬soaping”or“buttering¬up”.Agiftisjustonewayto“soft¬soap”somebody,orto“butterhimup”.Anotherthatisjustaseffectiveisflattery,givingsomeonehighpraise—tellinghimhowgoodhelooks,orhowwellhespeaks,orhowtalentedandwiseheis.Endlessarethewaysofflattery.Whodoesnotlovetohearit?Onlyanunusualmancanresistthethrillofbeingtoldhowwonderfulheis.Intruth,flatteryisgoodmedicineformostofus,whogetsolittleofit.Weneedittobemoresureofourselves.Itcannothurtunlesswegetcarriedawaybyit.Butifwejustlapitupforitsgoodvalueandnourishment,asacatlapsupmilk,thenwecanstillremaintruetoourselves.Sometimes,however,flatterywillgetyounothingfromonewhohashadtoomuchofit.Agoodexampleisthefamous12thcenturylegendofKingCanuteofDenmarkandEngland.Thekinggottiredoflisteningtoendlesssickeningflatteryofhiscourtiers(朝臣).Theyoverpraisedhimtotheskies,asamanoflimitlessmight.Hedecidedtoteachthemalesson.Hetookthemtotheseashoreandsatdown.Thenheorderedthewavestostopcomingin.Thetidewastoobusytolistentohim.Thekingwassatisfied.Thismightshowhisfollowershowweakhispowerwasandhowemptytheirflatterywas.1．Whichofthefollowingactivitieshasnothingtodowith“apple¬polishing”？A．Aboytellshisgirlfriendhowprettyshelooks.B．Anemployeetellsherbosshowgoodheisatmanagement.C．Aknightissaidtobeoflimitlesspowerbyhisfollowers.D．Ateacherpraisesherstudentsfortheirtalentandwisdom.2．WhatdoesthewriterwanttoprovewithCromwell'sexample?A．Everybodycanbeanapplepolisher.B．Cromwellwasnotagoodapplepolisher.C．GeorgeFoxandhispartywerenotapplepolishers.D．Therearepeoplewhodon'tlikebeingapple¬polished.3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutflatteryisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?A．Toomuchflatterycancarryusaway.B．Flatteryistooemptytodopeopleanygood.C．Flatterycangetyounothingbutexcessive(过度的)pride.D．Flatteryisoneofthewaystoapple¬polishedpeople.4．WhydidKingCanuteofDenmarkandEnglandtakehisfollowerstotheseashore?A．Becausehewassickofhisnormallife.B．Becausehedislikedbeingoverpraisedanymore.C．Becausehewantedthemtorealizehowwisehewas.D．Becausehewantedthemtoseehowweakhewasasaking.5．Whodoestheauthorthinkthatflatterycandogoodto?A．Thosewhoarepoliticiansorinhighoffices.B．Thosewholackconfidence.C．Thosewhoarereallyexcellent.D．Thosewhothinkhighlyofthemselves.
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