少林寺，位于登封县城西北13公里少室山北麓五乳峰下。若从郑州、开封、洛阳乘汽车，可直达寺院门前。少林寺创建于北魏太和二十年(496年)，因此寺建于少室山麓的丛林茂密之处，故名“少林”。正如《说嵩》中所说：“少林者，少室之林”。少林寺是我国佛教禅宗的发样地，所以又称《少林禅寺》和《大少林》.据文献记载，北魏太和十九年(495年)印度高僧跋陀自西域跋涉来洛阳，他0幽栖，常到嵩山，又受孝文帝尊崇，“诏于少室山阴，筑少林寺而居之”。北魏正光至孝昌年间，另一印度僧人达摩来中国，修禅于嵩山少林寺。他广集弟子，传授禅宗，使少林寺的影响日益扩大，传说达摩曾在山中面壁九年，因此留影于石。
少林寺原有建筑较多，分布较广。现在少林寺包罗的范围除主体建筑常住院外，还有离寺西不远的塔林，寺西北阜地上的初祖庵，少溪河南岸的南园，钵盂峰下的二祖庵，寺东太室山麓的三祖庵，以及分散在寺周围的古塔、碑刻等。
常住院是少林寺的主体建筑，位于少溪河北岸，院内现存有山门、客堂、达摩亭、自衣殿、千佛殿(毗卢阁)和地藏殿等，常住院自山门至最后大殿南北长300余米，现有面积约4万平方米，分前后六所院落。
山门是少林寺最前面的建筑，创修于清雍正十三年(1735年)，额悬“少林寺”黑漆方匾，为清康熙皇帝御书。据《少林寺志》载：此匾原悬于大王殿正门上方，大王殿焚毁后，移于此处，入少林寺山门，是一条宽阔的慢斜坡形雨道，两旁有许多重要的碑刻，有武则天撰文的《大唐天后御制诗书碑》，还有日本僧人邵元所撰的息庵禅师道行之碑，碑文反映了邵元和息庵禅师之间的深厚情谊和古代中日人民的友好关系。郭沫若为此曾题诗说：“息庵碑是邵元文，求法来唐不让仁。愿作典型千万代，相师相学倍相亲”。寺内还有《唐秦王告少林寺主教碑》、《唐嵩岳少林寺碑》、《宋苏东坡观音赞》等。另外还有许多著名书法家如米芾、赵孟頫、董其昌、蔡京等人书写的碑刻。这些碑刻不仅是重要的史料，而且都有很高的书法价值。
碑林的尽头是“三大殿”，即天王殿、大雄宝殿和法，堂(即藏经阁)，这三座重要建筑都毁于军阀的兵火。除三大殿之外，被大火烧毁的殿堂还有：钟楼、鼓楼、客堂、库房、香积厨、东西禅堂、紧那罗殿、六祖堂、阎王殿和龙王殿，还烧了7棵大柏树和“五品封槐”等。据说，大火蔓延了40余天，这是历史上少林寺最惨重的一次火劫。
新中国成立后，随着旅游事业的发展，有关部门已决定对被毁的建筑进行修缮和整理，天王殿、紧那罗殿、六祖堂、东西禅房和僧院已重修复原。紧那罗殿的0、妙法、持法三尊4米多高的法身，魁梧地挺立在殿中。六祖堂内恢复了达摩、慧可等禅宗六代祖师朝拜观世音菩萨的一组泥塑。菩萨身后是一组巨型山水图景，表现的是达摩只履归西的故事，寺内的中心建筑——大雄宝殿重建工程于1986年6月完成，1985年7月寺内还新建了拥有14厅的捶谱堂，堂内塑造有坐掸、念经、练功、小洪拳、大洪拳、六合拳、通臂拳、罗汉拳、朝阳拳等204身拳武僧，形像逼真。特别是十三棍僧救唐王、明代小山和尚挂师平倭寇等，英姿飒爽，给少林寺大增风彩。
游客们，你们好!我是__行社的导游小__我们现在位于洛阳市的龙门石窟，由我带领大家进入龙门石窟窟内，愉快的龙门石窟一日游开始了!
龙门石窟的发现年代、建造年代十分复杂。龙门石窟由成千上万个洞窟组成，有潜溪寺，有莲花洞，有药方洞，有古阳洞，还有香山寺、白园、万佛洞，数也数不清。
我们先来看看莲花洞，“莲花洞”这个名字也是有来头的。您看，窟顶雕刻着一朵硕大精美的高浮雕莲花，“莲花洞”这名字就是根据这朵莲花取的。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意思为：出污泥而不染。洞内有一佛二弟子二菩萨。您能看见，左侧弟子的头部没有了，是因为头部早年被盗，现在只能在法国吉美博物馆里见到了。大家看莲花洞南壁上方，有一个个小小的佛像，它是龙门石窟最小的佛像，仅有2厘米高，这些高不盈寸的小千佛栩栩如生，可以想到，当时的雕刻技艺是多么精湛啊!
看完莲花洞，我们又来到了药方洞。药方洞因窟门刻有诸多唐代药方得名。它始凿于北魏晚期，经东魏，北齐，到唐代仍有雕刻，药方洞的药方是中国最早的石刻药方。
龙门石窟现在已经遭到严重的破坏。除了极少数的佛像外，大多数佛像的头部均遭到破坏，难以其整体造型。但是剩下的部分足以说明艺术水平之高超、神态之曼妙，我希望大家好好保护这些文物。
龙门石窟还有个传说呢。相传远古时期，洛阳南面有一大片烟波浩淼的湖水，周围青山苍翠，芳草萋萋。人们在山上放牧，在湖里捕鱼。村里有个勤劳的孩子，天天到山上牧羊，常常听到从地下传来“开不开”的奇怪声音，回到家便把这件事告诉母亲，母亲想了想，告诉他，如果再听到这种声音就回答“开”!谁知一声未了，天崩地裂，龙门石窟顷刻从山中间裂开，湖水顷出，奔腾咆哮着绕过洛阳城，流向东海。水流之后，龙门石窟就出现了。
游客们，愉快的一天就这么快结束了，希望你们玩得开心哟!让我们下次再见!
游客朋友们，我们现在要参观的是洛阳龙门石窟，你知道它为什么叫“龙门”吗?这要从地形说起，这里的地形为三山夹一水，远远望去，犹如一道天然的门阙，所以古称“伊阙”。隋炀帝建都洛阳后，因为宫城门正对伊阙，古代帝王又都以真龙天子自居，因此，隋炀帝时改称“龙门”。
龙门石窟凿于北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳前后(大约493年)，经历了东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐和北宋等朝代，断续雕刻达400余件，现有窟龛2345个，碑刻题记2800块，佛塔80座，造像10万尊，内容除佛像外，涉及建筑、服饰、音乐、书法等，如同包罗万象的艺术博物馆，是全国重点文物保护单位、国家5A级景区，20_年被列入世界文化遗产名录。龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精，最具代表性的当属唐代开凿的奉先寺了。那么现在，我带领大家前往奉先寺参观。
大家抬头请看，几个台阶之上的正是著名的奉先寺，它是唐高宗所建，为政治需要，武则天曾捐2万贯脂粉钱。历时三年零九个月于675年竣工。寺内有一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天王、二力士及二供养人等一铺十一尊大像。造像布局匀称，俨然一个佛国朝廷，大家请看，这就是主佛“卢舍那”，它通高17.14米，头高4米，耳长1.9米，面相丰满圆润，方额广颐，美若弯月，双目俯视，炯炯有神，您看它略带微笑，仿佛给人已深深的同情和殷殷的关切。整尊造像，给人一种庄严肃穆之感，应是理想化的圣贤形象，我们来仔细端祥它，你有没有发现无论你站在他面前的那个位置，他都在注视着你呢?石刻的眼睛为什么这么传神?对了，这正是雕像的画龙点眼之处，卢舍那的双目，采用阴刻方法，把眼球雕洞浅凹进去，又保持瞳孔的突出，利用光线反差也就造就出了大佛睿智深邃的目光，配以少垂的佛首，使朝拜者的目光与大佛目光交汇时，畏而不惧，可亲可敬。
在卢舍那佛的左侧是弟子迦叶，一位饱经风霜的老僧形象;右侧阿难，他年轻睿智，整个一帅小伙子，旁边衣着华丽端庄矜持，二天王严肃威武硕壮有力，力士们坚毅勇猛，性格暴躁，以及那无所畏惧倾力承托的地鬼。无不形神兼备，惟妙惟俏，整个布局反映了唐代高超技艺，折射出当时佛教的繁荣和唐朝国力的强大。
出了奉先寺，我们再来参观北魏的代表作——莲花洞。因洞顶雕有一大浮雕莲花而得名。莲花是佛教象征的名物，意为出淤泥而不染，因此，佛教石窟窟顶多以莲花作装饰，但像莲花洞窟顶这样硕大精美的高浮雕可并不多见，洞内正壁为尊式造像。主佛释迦牟尼身穿袈裟，衣襟简洁明快，这是释迦牟尼的游说像，释迦牟尼外出讲经说法时就是这种形象。两侧弟子是浅浮雕，左侧迦叶深目高鼻手持锡杖，似一西域苦行僧形象，龙门石窟中最小的佛象2厘米高，这些高不盈寸的小千佛如此生动细致雕于莲花洞坚硬的石壁，实为龙门一绝!洞口北壁崖壁有“伊阙”二字，这是明代河南巡抚赵岩所题词，证明了“龙门”的原称。
好了，各位游客，由于时间关系，先讲到这里，请大家自由参观，谢谢!
朋友们，现在我们面前的这三座洞窟合成为宾三洞。它是北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后，统一规划、有计划开凿的，因并排布局而得名。“宾阳”来源于《尧典》中的“寅宾日出”意为迎接初升的太阳。可能有的朋友已经发现了，南北二洞和中间的主窟风格迥异，截然不同，这是怎么回事呢?原来呀，在开凿的过程中北魏宫廷突然发生了内乱，打断了宾阳洞的雕刻工作，所以，北魏皇室经营的大型洞窟——宾阳三洞，实际上只完成了一个中洞，而南北两洞则由以后的隋唐两朝完成。这三座洞窟开凿的时间最长，历时长达20_年还未完工，用工多达80多万。宾阳中洞是北魏宣武帝为其父母孝文帝及文昭皇太后祈福做功德而开凿。主尊为现在世佛释迦牟尼，在它左边是过去世燃灯佛，右边是未来世佛弥勒佛。其实在洞中有两幅壁画可谓精美绝伦，就是在洞口内壁两侧，原各有一副大型浮雕分别是《皇帝礼佛图》和《皇后礼佛图》，展现当时宫廷佛事活动的场面，可惜这两处浮雕在20世纪30年代被盗走，现分别藏美国纽约大都会博物馆和堪萨斯州纳尔逊艺术博物馆。大家请随我继续往前走，再登几十步台阶就到奉先寺了，举世闻名的卢舍那大佛就在寺中。奉先寺顾名思义，就是供奉祖先的意思，开凿于唐高宗咸亨三年，即公元672年，于675年完工，皇后武则天曾捐脂粉钱两万贯用来加速工程的完工。它是龙门石窟中雕刻最大、艺术最精、气势最磅礴、最具代表性的重要石窟。好了，各位游客，现在呈现在我们面前的这尊大佛就是卢舍那大佛了。“卢舍那“是梵文音译，即光明普照的意思。卢舍那大佛通高17.14米，头高4米，耳长1.9米。为什么不零不整偏偏是17.14米呢?其中暗藏不少玄机：因为7是佛的数字，天的数字，佛语有曰：“救人一命胜造七级浮屠。”我们看，这17.14米，包含了一个10，意十全十美，而14拆开正好是两个7，再加上第一个7，就有三个7了，拥有三个7的卢舍那大佛就是无限大、无限尊崇，功德了!
有人把卢舍那大佛比作东方的“蒙娜莉萨”，说她是善良和美貌的化身。的确如此，不信，您看，她的嘴角微微上翘，目光下垂，略作俯视态，两道弯眉如钩似月，满脸的笑意，一派慈眉善目的神韵。每次看到卢舍那大佛的微笑，总会让人感到如沐春风，无论您从哪个角度看她，她的目光都会和您有所交流，仿佛智者的询问，长着的关切，母亲的慈爱!在这里，我们感受到了无限的情亲和慈爱，这种由天上到人间，由出世到入世，从虚幻到现实的转变，不正是中国儒家思想在雕塑艺术上的折射反映吗?这是艺术的觉醒，人性的觉醒，中国佛教艺术经历了漫长的岁月，在唐代终于完成了它的中国化进程，中国佛教艺术在洛阳龙门奉先寺也达到了一个光辉的顶点，所以，李泽厚先生才会说：卢舍那大佛是中国古代雕塑艺术的最高典范。在20_年申报世界文化遗产的时候，所有的评委都认为是咱们卢舍那大佛的微笑征服了全世界。另外大家看卢舍那两侧站立的二弟子，左为迦叶，严谨庄重，饱经风霜;右为阿难，聪明温顺，擅长记忆。他们的旁边分别站立的是菩萨、天王、力士以及供养天人，形象逼真，栩栩如生。整个奉先寺造像主次分明，比例浑然一体，既注重形式美，又注重准确表达思想内容。奉先寺以其流利的线条，高潮的技艺，玄秘的宗教幻化为一首壮丽的交响乐章，与自然混合，夺人心魄。好了，各位朋友，参观了这么雄伟的雕刻，是否也让你的心灵受之震撼了呢，那么请拿起您手中的相机，留下这份心情。景区的主要讲解到这里就结束了，接下来的时间留给大家自由活动，11点钟我们准时在这里集合。
Greeting Words: Good morning Ladies and gentlemen, it’s so nice to meet youhere. My name is Jo, come from China International Travel Agency, and I’ll beyour guide for these 3 days in Henan. On behalf of CITA, welcome to Henan.Hereseated our driver Mr Lee, who has good skills and rich experience in driving.During your stay in Henan, we two would do our utmost to make your staypleasant!And your cooperation would be appreciated! If any requirement isneeded,please just feel free to let us know. We would be pleased to helpyou.Wish you a wonderful stay in Henan! Thank you! Now our car is drivingon the__X expressway, it takes about three hours to our destination—X__ scenic area.During this period of time, I’d like to give you a brief introduction aboutHenan and the place we’re going to visit. Henan, one of the largest provinceswith richest tourism resources in China, has numerous tourist attractions ofboth naturalness and humanity, and it is hard to name them over.Among them, theX__ is one of the tourist attractions with widest popularity in the world. Now,let’s focus on it and talk it over in detail and try to keep some of the mainpoints in mind since we’re going to pay a visit to it .
Now, we have arrived at the __X scenic spot, please close the windowtightly, carry on your belongings and get off the bus. Our car number Yu A12345,and my phone number isplease bear them in mind. At12:00pm, we’resupposed to assemble here, please hold the time.
The ShaoLin Temple The shaolin temple was first completed in 495, duringthe reign of Northern Wei Dynasty. In 527, Bodhidharma, the disciple ofSakyamuni of the 28th generation came here to practice Zen creed. As it wasconcealed in the thick woods of the shaoshi hill, it was given the name ShaolinTemple meaning “temple in the woods of Shaoshi Hill”. As you know, the shaolintemple is widely known not only for its ancient and mysterious Buddhist culture,but also for its martial arts, that is Kungfu in Chinese, which enjoys atradition of some 20__ years. So that’s the saying “Chinese Kungfu taking thefirst place under the heaven” and “the best kungfu originating from shaolintemple.” In the year 20__, the temple sightseeing zone was designated to be oneof the AAAAA-grade tourist attractions of China by the National TourismAdministration
Now we’re standing in front of the Front Gate Hall. Please look up at theplaque hanging above the lintel, and you’ll find the plaque bears three Chinesecharacters, Shaolin Si, the name of the temple. This is said to be handwrittenby Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. This work is very precious because theemperor rarely wrote. Ok please follow me. Just now, we have visited the FrontGate Hall, steles, ginkgos, and the Hall of the Heavenly Kings, and now, we arejust in the principal hall in the temple, the Hall of Mahavira. This hall isenshrined with three main Buddhas in the central part. They are Sakyamuni Buddhasitting in the middle and Pharmacist Buddha of the Eastern Glazed World andAmitabha Buddha from the Western Paradise sitting on both sides. Along the gablewalls, sit 18 Buddhist Arhats, who were enlightened Buddhist monks. On bothsides in front of the Hall of Mahavira, stand the Bell Tower and the Drum Towersymmetrically. They were rebuilt in 1994 used to report hours for the temple.Normally the bell is used in the morning, while the drum, in the afternoon,hence the saying “morning bell and afternoon drum”. In front of the Bell Toweris the stele called “the Stele of Li Shimin” telling the story about how themonks from the Shaolin Temple rescued Prince Li Shimin from being pursued andattacked by Wang Shichong during the late Sui Dynasty. Li Shimin, who laterbecame the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty wrote the inscriptions on the stelepersonally,and left with a signature of Shi min on the stele. Ok please comewith me, we are going to the next hall. So now, the pavilion in front of us, notlike the Zangjingge and the Abbot’s rooms we visited just now, enjoys a movingstory. It’s named Dharma’s Pavilion or Lixue Pavilion, that is “Standing in thesnow” in English. It says: After Boddhi Dharma came to China, many ChineseBuddhist believers wanted to be his followers, and Shengguang was the mostprominent of all of them. He
always followed him whenever and wherever he went and served Dharma withheart and soul. But Dharma didn’t agree to accept Shengguang as a disciple.Shengguang didn’t lose heart and became even more steadfast. On a snowy night,he begged as usual with Budhidharma outside, standing in the knee-high snow. Themaster set forward a prerequisite: he would not meet his demand unless it wouldsnow in red flakes. Suddenly Shengguang drew out the sword and cut off his leftarm and stained the snowy ground. Bodhidharma was so moved that he passed hismantle, alms bowl and musical instruments on to Shengguang and gave him aBuddhist name of Huike. He was regarded as the second founder of the Zen sect.Emperor Qianlong wrote a phrase on a plaque in commemoration Alright everyone,now we are in the last hall, Pilu Hall, also called a Thousand Buddha Hall. It’salso the largest structure of the Shaolin Temple. This is just the highlight ofthe sightseeing zone. So until now, the visit in the Shaolin Temple is almostover. I think you may have some questions about the temple, or you want to takesome photos. So, please do remember, you have half an hour. After half an hourwe will gather in our bus, and make sure you’ll be there on time. And then weare going to the Pagoda Forest. Thank you for your attention!
The longmen grottoes Around 13 km south of Luoyang, there are twopicturesque hills confronting each other with the Yi River flowing northwardbetween them, connected by an arched stone bridge resembling a natural gatetower. This is the right place named Longmen, where the well-known LongmenGrottoes is located. The grottoes, which earns the fame of one of the ThreeTreasure Houses of Stone Sculpture in China, was created over 1500 years age. Itwas first known in the year 493 AD, when Emperor Xiaowen moved his capital toLuoyang from Datong, Shannxi Province, which marked the initiation ofdevelopment and expanse of Buddhism in Central China. It prolongs for 1000meters from north to south. According to the statistics conducted in recentyears, there are 2300 caves and niches with over 100000 Buddhist figures. Inaddition, more than 2800 tablet inscriptions and some 40 Buddhist pagodas werepreserved in or out of the caves.
Now, we’ve got to the grottoes. In front of you, here is the Qianxi Temple.It was built in the early Tang Dynasty around 0 AD. It has altogether 7Buddhist statues inside, of which, AmitabhaBuddha is sitting in the central partwith 2 of his favorite disciples, 2 Bodhisattvas, and 2 Heavenly Kings. Pleasecome with me. Now we are in front of the Bin yang Caves. The Bin yang Cavesconsist of 3 large caves, the North, the Middle and the South caves. The Mid andthe South caves were built under Emperor Xuanwu for practicing the merits andvirtues for his diseased parents, late Emperor Xiaowen and late EmpressDowagerWenzhao. While the North Bin yang cave was added for the late EmperorXuanwu by a eunuch in the palace. In the Western Hill of Longmen, there areseveral “the most” caves to feast your eyes. Just now, we visited theTen-thousand Buddha Cave with 15000 Buddhist images, which has the most Buddhaimages, and the Lotus Cave with 2cm-high Buddha images, which are the tiniestBuddha images. And now, we’ve come to another “most”, the Fengxian Temple.Fengxian Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and it is the largest grotto inLongmen Temple with a width of 36 meters and a length of 41 meters. The mostimpressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross-legged on theeight-square lotus throne. It is 17.14 meters in total height with the head4meters in height and the ears 1.9 meters in length. At the sides of Vairocanathere are two statues of Vairocana Buddha's disciples, Kasyapa and Ananda,wearing prudent and devout expressions,next are 2 Bodhisattvas, Heavenly Kings,and
Great Men of Strength. Vairocana means illuminating all things in thesutra. The Buddha has a well-filled figure, a sacred and kindly expression andan elegant smile. The chief Buddha gives you an impression of dignified manner,magnificent looking, wise, farsighted and kind nature. The various appearancesand delicate designs are the representations of Empire Tang's powerful materialand spiritual strength as well as the high crystallization of people's wisdoms.Looking around the overall arrangement, we would rather say that the FengxianTemple is a scene of a grand imperial court than a spot of Buddhism. Generallyspeaking, the Fengxian Temple is the most magnificent and artistic among all theshrines of the Tang Dynasty as well as an example of success in integratingpolitics with Buddhism in ancient China. Ok everyone, now you can take photoshere. Or you can ask questions that you don’t understand. After 15 minutes wewill gather right here. See you then.
Yuntai Mountain Situated in Xiuwu county, Hennan province, Yuntai Mountainhas edged onto the China National Natural Heritage Candidate List due to itsunique geological landforms, rich natural resources and cultural relics. It ischaracterized by its structural cuesta, flying waterfalls on faulted cliffs,quiet valleys and clear springs.Known as a world geopark, it was one of thefirst world geoparks to be approved by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization in 20__. The park is known for its massivegardening areas, overhanging high cliffs, flying waterfalls, secluded valleysand spring water, with a spring in every 3 steps, a waterfall in every 5 steps,a pond in every 10 steps .Covering an area of 190sqm, the scenic spot iscomposed of many sightseeing places, such as Tan pu Gorge, Quanpu Gorge, RedStone Gorge, Zifang Lake, Macaque Valley etc.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容